Do Bookshops Have A 2020 Vision?

We have all read about the decline of the independent bookstores in the UK and US. However, we have also seen the relaunch of Foyles in Charing Cross, the expansion of the Hatchards brand by Waterstones to St Pancras, the growth online of the bargain bookseller, The Works. So what is the future of the Bookstore and does it have a vision of itself in 2020, or is its vision somewhat out of focus and requiring both short and long sighted correction?

Stanley Unwin once said that, ‘To write books is easy, it requires only pen and ink and the ever-patient paper. To print books is a little more difficult, because genius so often rejoices in illegible handwriting. To read books is more difficult still, because of a tendency to go to sleep. But the most difficult task of all that a mortal man can embark on is to sell a book.’

Today more than ever before that quote reflects the significant changes and challenges facing booksellers. Some would say that the question of what is sold, is as important as that of how it is sold.

Today many continue to sell not just a narrow range dictated by their physical square footage, but a range focused purely on the new or only available through the publisher. It’s as if they haven’t read what it says above the door and have ignored the word ‘bookseller’ and replace it with ‘new books only seller’. Books are books and the consumer doesn’t grab a book and turn immediately to the copyright page and look as to when the book was published, so why do so many bookstore restrict themselves? In a market that over produces both in titles and quantity, there are many mint condition ‘bargains’ to be stocked from outside the traditional publisher channel. They may not have the ‘sale or return’ safety net, but they also can be often acquired at a fraction of the price. One of the salient lessons we should have learnt by now from the likes of Amazon, is that consumers want to buy new, old, rare, bargain and used books and to do so from one place where they can seen the full range.

A recent article in The Economist looked to the future design of the bookshop and asked four firms of architects and designers to create the bookshop of their dreams and in doing so reinvent it for tomorrow. The designers looked at many aspects and even covered the sale of used and digital books and using the space to sell lifestyle, create theatre and host events. It is worth a read.

However, they started from the premise that the hub was the bookshop and everything revolved around the book. Is that how we should look at it, or is the book merely part of a larger proposition based around a wider lifestyle offer? This obviously raises the question of range both in terms of width and depth. We have seen many acclaimed bookshops which have narrowed their offer to appeal to a segment of the market, but how many of these have actually complimented their book offer with a full range of products that appeal to that same segment? Does the cookery shop sell cookery product and books, or books and cookery product? Does the children’s bookshop sell toys, children’s clothes, prams etc. alongside books, or books alongside childrens’ product? Ex Borders UK head, Phil Downer has made his Calliope gift shop one that sells gifts which include books and in doing so he is able to cross sell and merchandise and adjust his offer to suit the market. Will books be a major or a minor element in years to come will depend on many factors, but ultimately it should reflect consumer demand.     

The coffee shop within the bookstore is often a very good earner per square foot and creates lifestyle and greater selling opportunities. It is claimed that our obsession with coffee houses is going to grow by a further 20% by 2020. So would you open a coffee shop that sells books or a bookshop that sells coffee?

A further example of how market trends have changed well established markets is in the off licence sector, where the supermarkets have come in and not only wiped out much of the previous retail space, but also have actually expanded and grown the market. When supermarkets first started selling petrol it looked obvious and was restricted to their out of town supermarket locations, but now some have taken their supermarket offer to the garage forecourt and taken over independent stations which are convenience stores that sell petrol and this has enabled them to grow their convenience business and opened new locations miles from their supermarkets.

Just focusing on books is obviously a very limited consumer offer. Just selling new books could be terminal.  

‘Pay to Peek’ Is Not The Answer For Bookstores

It is often hard to see the opportunities when we look at the threats to book retailers today. Many just see dome and gloom and create what some would say is an environment of self prophesying decline.

Geographic markets are different and within the UK there are clear government and civic challenges of higher rates, rents the unfair status afforded to charity shops manned volunteer staff. That’s without the corporation tax avoidance advantage achieved by many internet stores within the EU boundaries and the current EU digital VAT fiasco.

There are the challenges of competing not just the physical book market but with an increasing digital market. This is not just about people adopting the technology, or the convenience of ordering online, but also the lack of coherent pricing which today can result in the 20P bestseller and a general devaluation of all books.

There is also the limited range and keenly priced increasing supermarket offer. They may just want the bestsellers and safe bets, but in doing so they effectively cream off those titles with mass appeal at the expense of the bookstore.

This week we read about Foyles, who at the time that they are planning their big move and the store of the future, are having to make staff redundant in their existing business. Today, everyone is looking hard at their costs and trying to cut their cloth accordingly.

Also this week Victoria Barnsley discussed the idea on BBC radio 4’s ‘The Bottom Line’, that bookstores should consider charging customers to browse. If it’s ok for shoe store in the US to do it, why not bookstores in the UK. Well we could say that many jewellers lock their doors to control entry, but you would seriously advocate that for bookstores? You could point to the refund tickets for parking in many supermarkets and ask why not pay for customer parking on the High Street? The point is that book buying is different, much of it is impulsive and it requires a ‘hands on’, not ‘hands of’ hand selling approach. It would be easy to envisage empting bookstores and book ‘discovery’ moving further online and the customer contact becoming virtual. ‘Pay to peek’ is a barrier to buy and therefore not the answer.

If we look at the alternative shopping experiments and practices, one that may lend itself to some larger stores and chains, is the personal shopper, that assistant that doesn’t sit behind the counter, but actively hand sells off the floor. Many will say we do it today, but many customers may question that. It isn’t about steering customers to the obvious, but adding value and helping them discover that ‘hidden gem’. A friend recently related an experience about being introduced to a quirky book by our local store and what a difference that made. The choice was perfect, the relationship forged and the repeat business and respect flowed. Straight forward, but is it truly an experience we all share?  

Then we have the great giveaway with the inducement of yet more’ free’ books. Has the ‘give away’ policy really worked? Has it lead to a significant rise in reading and growth in the market and have the bookstores that have backed it really benefited in a sustainable way, or have we merely created a costly blip which is flattened out over the year? We even those who have supported the idea that to promote 15 million £1 books on the back of giving kids junk good is good PR. It may bring more kids into reading, but at what expense and who will have ‘ketchup’ on their hands if the PR turns like it has with horse meat? More importantly will it build the marketplace, or just further drive buyers away from bookstores?

The glass is not half empty and opportunities do exist, but often change is required to leverage these. It may be no longer good enough to only sell ‘safe’ front list on a sale or return basis. It says ‘bookseller’ over the door and by that it surely means a variety of new, backlist, classics, bargains, used and even rare. Obviously each store has to build around its community and market proposition but looking past the latest release would help. After all how many consumer pick up a book and look straight to the publication date to see if it’s new? Books don’t have a sell by date.

We were recently told about a publisher who celebrated a healthy pre Christmas order that turned to disappointment when after Christmas the entire stock came back and still all in its printer’s packs. Bookselling is a two way street.

Bookstores have discovered that coffee may work and can increases footfall and interest. The same could be said of other goods and services. Ask yourself whether the Works a bookshop, stationary store, gift shop, craft shop or just a bargain store? What the product and demographic mix difference today between say, WHS and the Works?  

We look at the many excellent examples of bookstores that continue, despite the odds , to deliver in their community. We read of the success and enthusiasm of new ventures such as Philip Downer’s Calliope. What we see are bookstores changing and adapting despite the challenges and using their skills to make themselves appealing and different. What we must do is find ways to support these further, improve hand selling and reward excellence. 

Redrawing Borders Part 1

The news of Borders UK going into administration demonstrates the changes happening in book publishing. It will be bad from many and good for some. In an industry so diverse as publishing, change is inevitable but often difficult. We have seen the supermarket and others take market share and apply limited range focus couple with high discounts. We have seen the chains wander aimlessly into discount wars they can’t win. We have seen the emergence of new entrants who aim to dominate through new models.

So is it bad or merely just change? What will be the outcome and who will emerge tomorrow?

We can no longer separate the physical from the digital worlds. Amazon has proved that people are happy to buy physical books on the Internet. The urban myth that you had to see, smell and feel a book in order to buy in it is broken. This doesn’t mean that only the Internet will survive it merely says that the economies of scale and scope that supported the chain model of yesterday are no longer applicable. Today anyone can sell virtual stock and the new chains are potentially aggregators such as Overdrive, Ingrams and Gardners. However, as they widen that offer to digital they themselves face new entrants who see their models as broken as we see the chains today.

There are only two people who matter in all this extended chain – the author who creates the value and the consumer who pays for it. Everyone in between has to earn their place and add value.

So ignoring today’s fresh battles where are we heading next?

We may not have the answers but we can offer some pointers to watch:

Polarisation. The economics that once penalised the small can now work for them. They increasing don’t have to fight the chains, but players whose offer is significantly different. If one looks at music, gone are the many chains that once populated the High Street. We now have maybe one chain and a small, but healthy, number of local small players. The small players have to focus on their selection, offer and customers. What chains that do survive, now have to now fight virtual giants, new entrants, supermarkets etc. It's interesting times, when the largest digital music seller is iTunes, and the largest physical music seller is Walmart.

This polarisation is not just about retail, it applies right across the publishing value chain. The economics and changes effecting book retail equally apply to book publishing, distribution and every aspect of the value chain as we knew it. Those who believe size matters better look over their shoulders at some of the new entrants. Its technology, aggregation and collaboration that often is the key and publishers aren’t in that space today. This collaborative need is particularly relevant given that we wrote about iMags only yesterday.

Small publishers now have the real opportunity to flourish alongside small bookshops.


Next we will look at the vertical market, author power and the freeconomy

One More Cup of Coffee Before I Go

A couple of years ago Bibliophile brought back into print “The Night side 0f London” a fascinating about two journalist journey from the West end to East end of London at the turn of the nineteenth century. What struck me when I read it, was the sheer number of coffee houses and street stands that existed then. I had assumed wrongly that it would be tea shops and gin houses and although gin was there, coffee dominated.

So I read last week’s Guardian article on the "cafefication” of the UK with some interest. The fact that it traced the café culture only back to the fifties is not surprising. But as we often find and the extracts from “The truth behind Bookselling” proved, “what goes around comes around”. History teaches us much about the future.

Shopping fulfills a social as well individual need. Its fun to be among the masses on the High Street, chatting to the assistant in the shop, or meeting friends in cafes and bars. So it is no surprise that the café has been successful in the retail outlet. I personally remember the first Barnes and Noble superstore I went into in the mid 90’s and the extra dimension the coffee shop gave them. Indeed in the report “Brave New World”, we touched on the need to embrace this culture and go further and wi-fi stores to encourage people into the store. What a logical place to offer access to online catalogues and kiosks and also promote an internet presence.

But there is also the other side of the coin and the potential of the coffee house to compete. They could sell other product and reading material. Reading material is a natural compliment to a frothy cappuccino or hot chocolate and is less invasive than music and games. You may think that “Costa StarNerobuck” would not carry inventory and maybe that’s right. But they could carry a limited merchandised range. POD potentially now offers a unique opportunity for short stories, serialized copy, and with the aptly named espresso POD printer who knows! Podcasts and audio downloads also carry no inventory, minimal footage and little risk.

Perhaps there is another way of looking at digital opportunities and social acceptance? If the bookshop can become the café, can the café become the bookshop?